This article was reviewed by Joseph Meyer. Joseph Meyer is a High School Math Teacher based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He is an educator at City Charter High School, where he has been teaching for over 7 years. Joseph is also the founder of Sandbox Math, an online learning community dedicated to helping students succeed in Algebra. His site is set apart by its focus on fostering genuine comprehension through step-by-step understanding (instead of just getting the correct final answer), enabling learners to identify and overcome misunderstandings and confidently take on any test they face. He received his MA in Physics from Case Western Reserve University and his BA in Physics from Baldwin Wallace University.
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The sine and cosine functions appear all over math in trigonometry, pre-calculus, and even calculus. Understanding how to create and draw these functions is essential to these classes, and to nearly anyone working in a scientific field. This article will teach you how to graph the sine and cosine functions by hand, and how each variable in the standard equations transform the shape, size, and direction of the graphs.